Christopher Columbus and His Goals Essay - 1901 Words

Christopher Columbus and his goalsCertainly, Columbus was a devout Catholic. He lived during the period of the great Spanish Inquisition, which led to the defeat of the Jews and Muslims. Perhaps he wanted to continue the Spanish legacy and spread the faith toward the west. However, personal ambitions may have also sparked Columbuss interest in finding a water route to the Indies. He asks for gold many times from the natives and searches all the islands in hopes of discovering more. He views the natives as a source of economical benefit, hoping to employ them for practical purposes. Even though there are not any indications of immense amounts of gold and spices in the New World, Columbus continues to ask for more Spanish support in order†¦show more content†¦The fact that Columbus is able to walk around the garden shows that he believes he is such a pure figure. Columbus also stresses that it is only by Gods permission that one can enter Eden, no one can enter except by Gods leave. Thus he has been chosen by God to rediscover heaven on earth and has been given a divine purpose. Throughout his logbooks, Columbus portrays himself as a righteous man on a quest for God, therefore implying the wholesomeness of all his actions. Many of his actions signify Columbuss belief that he had truly discovered the Garden of Eden. He constantly describes the natives as being naked as their mothers bore them. These descriptions begin almost every introduction about a new group of natives during the first voyage implying that most if not all the Indians were not clothed. They obviously were quite comfortable without any attire since it appeared to Columbus that no one was fully dressed. Columbus adds the phrase As their mothers bore them to show the childlike qualities of the Indians. When a child first enters the world, he or she has not committed any sin, because there has not been enough time or opportunities. Columbus views the natives as innocent beings. The bible produces a similar account of Adam and Eve, the inhabitants of Eden, And they were both naked, the man and his wife and were not ashamed. (Genesis 2:25) They lived in harmonyShow MoreRelatedGlobal Exploration and Global Empires 1500-1700 Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagesvoyages of a few adventurers show that the Spanish and Portuguese goals were to spread Catholicism, expand trade, and expand the kingdom of the Spanish and the Portuguese to the new lands they’ve discovered. These adventures were Christopher Columbus who attempted to find a new route to Asia to extend Spain’s trade and to colonize, Bartholomew Columbus and his successful founding of  Santo Domingo, Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and his companion’s successful spread of Catholic religion to many IndiansRead MoreChristopher Columbus: Not a Hero1057 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever wondered why America has had an annual holiday known as Columbus Day ever since the early 1900s? While enjoying the day off has the question of why an Italian explorer has a day dedicated to him in America ever occurred to you? Probably not, but every American with at least an elementary education has the general knowledge that Christopher Columbus is the hero credited with discovering America. It wouldn’t be an overstatement to even say that he is a national icon. In actuality, he’sRead MoreChristopher Columbus And The New World847 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Columbus was born in 1451, in his childhood, Columbus is a boy has proved to be a sea charm and ambition want to become sailors. Columbus hired to work on a sailing ship in the convent and then the Columbus expedition begins. On day, in the early morning of October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus mariners stepped ashore an island in America, a land that no one known. This is a historic event, it was a prelude to understanding the New World, and led to the proliferation of western civilizationRead MoreDisadvantages Of Christopher Columbus804 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Columbus was an explorer, navigator, and survivalist who was born and raised in Italy as the eldest son to Domenico Colombo and Susanna Fontanarossa. Columbus went on many explorations, but his most fam ous was his exploration to the new world. For this exploration Columbus managed to convince the Spanish monarchs, King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella, to hire an Italian explorer to work for the Spanish government. There are many advantages and disadvantages to hiring an explorer fromRead MoreEssay about Compare contrast953 Words   |  4 Pages Compare and Contrast Christopher Columbus and Neil Armstrong were both explorers who captivated the world with their amazing explorations. Their paths shared many traits, though their discoveries were very different. While Armstrong was the first man on the moon on July 20, 1969, Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue about four hundred years earlier to find the â€Å"new world†. While both Columbus and Armstrong had amazing explorations, Columbus made a discovery that would start mankindRead MoreChristopher Columbus And Bartolome De La Casas998 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Columbus and Bartolome de la Casas Christopher Columbus and Bartolome de la Casas are similar in most ways but have a major difference. They were both explorers of the New World and came to convert the natives into Catholics. The two explorers worked on the Spanish’s behalf. Columbus wrote accounts of the New World in his journal. La Casas wrote the Brief Account of the Devastation of the Indies. Both gave accounts of the native people they saw. Columbus’s journal entries aim to giveRead MoreChristopher Columbus : Hero Or Villain?884 Words   |  4 PagesRian White Crawford 3rd Christopher Columbus: Hero or Villain? In elementary school students are taught that Christopher Columbus is some godly hero who discovered that the earth was round and a shorter route to â€Å"Asia†. They even have a day dedicated to him. Typically, children are gullible and just believe what they are taught, rather than actually researching and learning the history on their own. As a child one’s brain is not developed enough to possess a sense of moral discernment. Also, childrenRead MoreThe Discovery Of The New World1178 Words   |  5 Pagesthe luxuries of today? To answer that question, Christopher Columbus is credited with the discovery of â€Å"The New World† as we know today as America. He is referred to as one of the greatest discovers’ during the Age of Discovery. Christopher Columbus is an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer. He was born in 1451 in the Republic of Genoa, Italy. He was the son of a wool merchant. When he was barely in his adolescent years, he worked with his father but later went to sea at the age of fourteenRead MoreEssay on The Mental World of Christopher Columbus911 Words   |  4 PagesWorld Of Christopher Columbus Supported by Spain, seeking a water route to the spice islands in 1492 Christopher Columbus left Spain on his first voyage. After more then a month had passed, the crew started to loose all hope and the voyage seemed like a failure. Until on October 12, 1492 land was sighted. The land that was sighted was not what Columbus had originally intended to find. Columbus landed in the Caribbean Sea in the Bahamas, which was thousands of miles away from his originalRead MoreGetting to Know Christopher Columbus911 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Columbus, as we now know he accomplished a lot during his life. Although many are disputed and questions have been raised as to why we celebrate Columbus Day. One could find the when, how and where of Christopher Columbus an interesting subject for discourse. After all, we are talking about the man who discovered the land we now call America. We will not even consider the people, the Native Americans who lived here first as discovering America. Ma ybe it should be taught just a tad differently

The Psychology Of The Social Injustice Of Women - 937 Words

Introduction Writing in Psychology is solely up to psychologists themselves. There is no required type of writing; most psychologists perform patient reports or case studies, but many choose what they will do with the patient. Different types of writings include books, journals, notes, evaluations/analyses, and tests/assessments. Books and Journals Writing in psychology can range from an analysis, journals, or books. Many psychologists write pieces along the lines of an evaluation or analysis of a patient; meetings are confidential, meaning that psychologists cannot share content about the patient. In psychology, one can write about an example, or elaborate on the information one has found. One can continue the writing to a greater source such as journals, and textbooks. Margaret W Matlin (2010), took her writings to the next level by publishing a textbook on The Psychology of Women. Within her textbook, she talks about the social injustice of women. Matlin (2010) kept her audience broad to cater to both genders interested in the psychology of women. According to Margaret Matlin, â€Å"Our discipline is also changing in a fourth way, because people’s behaviors, attitudes, and skills are continually evolving† (p. 169). Writing to a general audience in this context about this political issue meets her rhetorical goa l of explaining the psychology of women in depth. This type of writing fits my career goals because I want to be able to write a major piece about psychology inShow MoreRelatedThe injustice in health care1425 Words   |  6 PagesGAC0013 Assessment Event 4: Reading and writing Essay The injustice in health care Student’s Name: Jessie Student ID: QING24958 Teacher: Lynken Ghose Due Date: 27/08/2013 Word Count: 1350 Partner’s Name: Sylvia Question: â€Å"Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in health care is the most shocking and inhumane† (Martin Luther King, Jr.). Do you agree with this statement? Write an essay persuading readers of your point of view. Support your argument with evidence from appropriate sourcesRead MoreThe noun feminism is derived from the French in the 19th century . It refers to the campaign at700 Words   |  3 Pagesis derived from the French in the 19th century . It refers to the campaign at first but now women have been endowed with greater meaning when it is used extensively in many places. Feminism was born because there are those who feel that women have been oppressed by injustice exists between man and woman . Oppression of women is a human act under social institution and it is not biologkal . Thus, the women themselves able to change this situation . Theories of feminism has changed and modified afterRead MoreSocial Injustice in America1354 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Psychology April 15th 2012 Social Oppression in America Social oppression is socially supported mistreatment and exploitation of a group or category of people by anyone. Oppressors usually suffer from the need to be Socially Dominant over others in order to retain power or assert power (Sidanius, Jim.  Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2001.). Social dominance is commonly the root cause of social oppression. The UnitedRead MoreTaking a Look at Health Psychology907 Words   |  4 Pagesof health and illness, with an increasing focus on an interaction between the mind and the body. This shift in perspective is demonstrated of a holistic or a whole-person approach to health. Therefore, Health psychology maintains that the mind and body interact. Moreover, Health psychology is the study of psychological and behavioural processes of health, illness, and healthcare. It is apprehensive with the consideration of how psychological, behavioural, and cultural aspect to physical he alth andRead MoreA Personal Revolt Against The Rising Rape Culture Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesPREFACE This project begun as a personal revolt against the rising rape culture and sexual assaults in India when three of my closest female friends got sexually assaulted in Delhi this May. These were young financially independent and headstrong women yet they felt completely powerless after this event and could not report it. This normality around rape and assault led me to probe into the root cause and cultural implications around it. SUMMARY It startedRead MoreSociological And Common Sense Understanding1341 Words   |  6 PagesSociology Throughout this essay, I will explain the distinction between sociological and common sense understanding, highlight the differences between sociology and other social sciences, and evaluate two sociological perspectives – Marxism and feminism. Sociology is the scientific study of human society. It examines the development of social structures, and the interaction between these structures and human behaviour. Sociologists aim to provide tools of understanding the process of socialisation, andRead MoreHorney1624 Words   |  7 PagesWomen in Psychology Paper Shanda L. Ludwig PSY/310 September 11, 2011 Dr. Matt Pearcey Women in Psychology Paper It was not until the 1890s that women were allowed access to training in most fields of study, including psychology. Since that time many have made significant theoretical contributions to the field of psychology and our understanding of psychodynamic thought including the works of Karen Horney (1885–1952). She was a psychoanalyst best known for her work on neurosis and copingRead MoreDiscrimination Based On Gender And Gender Discrimination1574 Words   |  7 Pagesfoster stereotypes of social roles based on gender (Women and Gender Discrimination). Sexism is a social injustice that is not applied only to women but, to men as well. Certain personalities and characteristics are expected from both genders starting as children. Little girls are expected to play with dolls, while little boys are expected to play rough. These small seeds planted into children over time grow, and produce the men and women who make up society. In psychology you have a term calledRead MoreThe Psycho logy Of Women Class1361 Words   |  6 PagesIntersectionality was a term I was not familiar with until I enrolled in the Psychology of Women class. Intersectionality was a concept that I had a very difficult time grasping. As comprehension was dawning I would attempt to engage others in conversation on intersectionality and they too did not know what intersectionality was. I quickly realized that intersectionality was an intricate part of oppression, racism, and discrimination. To take a stand against one is to take a stand against all. TheRead MoreThe Case Of Brown V. Board Of Education982 Words   |  4 Pageseducation system. In choosing Brown v. Board of Education, a case which continues to have a great impact to this day, taking into consideration what was occurring at the time is how this case can be fathom. Today, equality is flawed, but far from the injustices of the 50s. However, steps such as the case of Brown v. Board of Education, others alike, and they were more than a court cases; the revolution needed for change. â€Å"On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court issued its landmark Brown v. Board of Education

Essay On Self Preservation In The Tempest - 1257 Words

Self-preservation and moral obligation are essential in decision-making. These two principles are juxtaposed to each other as either end of the spectrum results in unfavourable and immoral actions. Excessive focus on self-protection creates a lack of morality as one places emphasis on himself or herself instead of on others. Conversely, excessive emphasis on morality and justice causes immoral actions based on the belief that the sins of others must be avenged. Shakespeare’s The Tempest displays this theme of the struggle between self-protection and morality through Prospero and his relations with his two servants. Prospero’s relationship with Ariel and Caliban depict the necessity of balancing self-preservation and moral obligation†¦show more content†¦Prospero simply acts based on what is best for himself, and in doing so, he creates the immoral behaviour in Caliban as Prospero â€Å"[kept] from [him] the rest o’ the island† (1.2.343-344). In or der to prevent Caliban from performing immoral acts, Prospero forces him into a cave and uses magic to terrorize Caliban into submission. This act of self-protection results in Prospero believing that he has the power to subjugate others, something which no one should have. The island belongs to Caliban and through Prospero’s desire for self-preservation, he cages Caliban so that he may â€Å"serve in offices / That profit [them]† (1.2.312-313). He only keeps Caliban alive because he needs him for slave labour. These immoral actions are the result of the notion of self-preservation, they act immorally because of the need for survival. Prospero’s interactions with Ariel depict the extremes of letting moral obligation prevail. Prospero calls upon Ariel to become a harpy and proclaim the sins of the king and his followers. Prospero’s desire for righteousness by causing pain and suffering for Alonso, Antonio and Sebastian shows a disregard for life as a result of moral justice. Prospero believes that he deserves vengeance for their immoral deeds. This sentiment is based on moral justice. Prospero uses Ariel so that his proclamation of their sins seems more realistic. Ariel becomes an illusionary instrumentShow MoreRelatedEssay on William Shakespeares The Tempest2363 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Shakespeares The Tempest Generally acknowledged as one of Shakespeares final plays, The Tempest may be described as a romantic tragi-comedy - where love and contentment prosper despite the threatening presence of evil forces. However, beyond the almost fairy-tale like exterior lies a seemingly direct approach to a greatly topical debate at the time. This was the supposed contrast between civilised and uncivilised persons, brought to the fore as a resultRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 PagesHistory and Class Consciousness Preface THE collection and publication of these essays in book form is not intended to give them a greater importance as a whole than would be due to each individually. For the most part they are attempts, arising out of actual work for the party, to clarify the theoretical problems of the revolutionary movement in the mind ,of the author and his readers. The exceptions to this are the two essays Reification and the Consciousness of the Proletariat and Towards a MethodologyRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages GP NOTES 2010 (ESSAY) Content Page 1. Media a. New vs. Traditional b. New: narcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technologyRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 PagesChapter 7 is very long and consists for the most part of avowed and verbatim extracts from the Nabataean Agriculture, e.g., how the bay tree spoke to the gardener in a dream, the debate over precedence between the marshmallow and the mandrake, the self-commendation of the olive tree and how a sleeping king was apprised by a tree that his servant, disregarding the royal command in anticipation of the royal remorse, had spared the life of the queen. The other extracts are, in the main, explanationsRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesillustrated the meaning and use of words; the great majority of the examples are due to him. Their merit is that they are not translations from English, but natural Igbo sentences elicited only by the stimulus of the word they illustrate. The short essays which appear from time to time (e.g. under otà ¹tà ¹, à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤gbanÌ„je) on aspects of culture are also his work, as are the sketches which served as basis for the illustrations, a large number of new words, and various features of the arrangement. When he had

Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. Essay - 1420 Words

Desegregation is something that many different people over many years had to fight long and hard for, and Martin Luther King Jr. was one of them. King, the author of â€Å"Letters from Birmingham Jail†, was an ordained Baptist minister with a Ph.D. in theology from Boston University. He was an activist for racial equality and led many protest for desegregation. in the mid 1950’s and in the 1960’s. The letter, was composed while he and hundreds of other demonstrators were imprisoned for protesting against the treatment of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama. It was written in response to eight of his fellow clergyman who questioned King’s methods of protesting while at the same time supporting the final outcome. Throughout the letter, King brings light to many serious ethical problems in America. One in particular, is a major cause of the Civil Rights Movement and is still present in part today: racial intolerance. Martin Luther King Jr. uses several l iterary elements such as different forms of persuasion, tone and extrinsic proofs to accurately handle the ethical problem of intolerance that African Americans were forced to face on a daily basis. The first draft of this letter was written specifically for the eight clergymen who he hoped to show that protest in Birmingham was necessary for racial equality. King establishes his character from the very start of the letter. In his salutation of this letter he says, â€Å"My dear fellow clergymen.† (1121). Since he wrote this as aShow MoreRelated Analysis of Letter from Birmingham by Martin Luther King Jr.937 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Letter from Birmingham by Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr., is one of the most recognized, if not the greatest civil rights activist in this century. He has written papers and given speeches on the civil rights movement, but one piece stands out as one of his best writings. â€Å"Letter from Birmingham† was an intriguing letter written by King in jail in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. He was responding to a letter written by eight Alabama Clergyman that was publishedRead MoreEssay on Critical Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.s Speech1674 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.s Speech Introduction In this critical analysis I am going to look at Martin Luther King, Jr and the I have a dream speech. Martin Luther King, Jr is very distinguished due to the many outstanding achievements he accomplished throughout his life. He was an American clergyman and he accomplished the Nobel Prize for one of the principal leaders of the American civil rights movement. Kings defiance to segregation andRead MoreAnalysis of Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail962 Words   |  4 Pagesintangible, it is still necessary. Some forms of inspiration come as passionate love while others appeal as injustice. Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail was a response to A Call for Unity by eight white clergymen. His inspiration for writing the letter was the clergymens unjust proposals and the letter allowed him to present his rebuttal. Martin Luther King Jr. effectively crafted his counter argument by first directly addressing his audience, the clergymen, and then using logosRead MoreSociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail1214 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Sociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail Abstract The paper analyses Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† from a sociological point of view and shows how three major theories (structural functionalism, social conflict, and symbolic interactionism) are treated in the letter. The paper shows different appreciation of King’s ideas and works by his contemporaries and modern people. It also explores the concepts of â€Å"nonviolentRead MoreAnalysis of Martin Luther King Jr. Warrior for Peace by Tanya Savory848 Words   |  4 Pages racism was very powerful and the white people were the most stronger people in the communities, however, it was only in some states of the United States Of America. In others the racism did not existed, for example according to the book â€Å"Martin Luther King Jr. Warrior For Peace†by â€Å"Tanya Savory† in one of the states that there was no racism was Connecticut. During the winter of 1928, in Montgomery, Alabama, a black girl who was only fifteen-year-old got on a city bus so she could go visitRead MoreAnalysis of Martin Luther King Jr. ´s Letter From Birmingham Jail771 Words   |  3 Pagesagainst the prejudice that they have to face, accomplish justice that every single one of them are fighting for. Dr. Martin Luther King, a leader of the protest against prejudice was able to pursue the rights for African American people. However eight of his fellow clergymen criticized his procedure to protest, but they still supported him. In the Letter from Birmingham Jail, King wanted to encourage others to rebel against the wrong, even if it is not wise it is right, he was optimistic and yetRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech By Martin Luther King Jr.815 Words   |  4 Pagessteps of the Lincoln Memorial more than two score years ago, Dr. Martin Luther King electrified America with his momentous I Have a Dream speech. Ai med at the entire nation, King’s main purpose in this speech was to convince his audience to demand racial justice towards the mistreated African Americans and to stand up together for the rights afforded to all under the Constitution. To further convey this purpose more effectively, King cleverly makes use of the rhetorical devices — ethos, pathos andRead MoreAn Analysis of Jonathan Swift and Martin Luther King Jr.’s Stylistic Devices2370 Words   |  10 PagesBirmingham Jail Martin Luther King Jr. has two different audiences. First he addresses the eight clergymen who wrote him the original statement posing a few questions they would like him to answer. But more importantly he writes to the white moderate, in particular those who are â€Å"lukewarm† on the issue at hand, segregation. These â€Å"lukewarm† people do not have a solid opinion either way, they merely â€Å"sit on the fence† waiting for some one to persuade them. Similar to Swift, King uses parallel structureRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of the I Have a Dream Speech by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1219 Words   |  5 Pagesechoed throughout Washington D.C. August 28, 1963 as Martin Luther King Jr. paved the path to freedom for those suffering from racial segregation. It was the day of the March on Washington, which promoted Civil Rights and economic equality for African Americans. In order to share his feelings and dreams with the rest of the nation, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his speech encouraging all to overcome racial segregation. Martin Luther King Jr.’s I Have a Dream speech was very effective due to theRead MoreAnalysis of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have A Dream Speech619 Words   |  3 Pages28, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered one of the most famous speeches of all time to an audience of more than 200,000 civil rights supporters on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. In his, â€Å"I have a dream† speech, King addressed his encouragement of white and black people working together to achieve racial peace and harmony. He especially wanted to teach the young blacks that equality could be gained through the use of non-violence. The main reason King used nonviolence

Equity Securities/Tax and Estate Planning for Investment Law

Question: Discuss about theEquity Securities/Tax and Estate Planning for Investment Law. Answer: Bond Bond is also known as the security for fixed income and it is a debt instrument that is created for raising the capital. The bonds are generally regarded as the loan agreement among the investor and the issuer of bond where the issuer is obliged to pay certain specific amount at a specific date in future. When the investor purchases the bond he is loaning the amount to the issuer who generally raises the amount for any project. Most common risk associated with the bond is the risk of interest rate that is the risk that the prices of the bond will fall with the rise in the rates of interest. Through purchase of the bond, the bondholder commits to receive the fixed rate of return for the fixed term period. Various other risks associated with the bonds are the default risk, call risk, re-investment risk and inflation risk. Further, the coupon rate is affected if the interest rate in the market changed. Possible recurring incomes from bonds are from 2 ways interest payment that is known as the coupon over the lifetime of bond and from price fluctuation that depends on factors like interest rate (Bodie, 2013). Common stock Common stock is the securities that are represented by the equity ownership in any company, firm or organization. Common stock provides voting rights and enables the holder to get a share in the profit of the company through capital appreciation and dividend. However, in case of liquidation the common stock holder gets their right on the asset only after the preferred stockholders, debt holders and various other debt holders. Various risks associated with common stocks are the investment risk that is the prices are fluctuating and volatile. Further, there is lack of control as the success of the investor is dependent on the success of the company. Moreover, there is the risk regarding payment as in case of liquidation the preferred stock will not get paid till the higher rank of preferred debts are paid off. The dividend on common stocks is not guaranteed as the company at any time can eliminate or reduce the payment of dividend (Smith, 2015). Possible recurring incomes from bonds are from 2 ways capital gains through selling the stock of the company and dividend that is paid to the stock holder by the company. Preferred stock Like the common stock, the preferred stocks are represented by the equity ownership in any company, firm or organization. To be more specific, preferred stocks are rights on earnings and assets. as the name suggests, the preferred stocks carries few advantages like it gets the priority on getting the payment in case of bankruptcy and dividend. However, as like the common stock, preferred stock can also be sold and bought through the broker. Primary risks associated with the preferred stocks are that it is sensitive to the interest rates similar to the bonds as they pay fixed rate dividend. It is also exposed to industry sector risk as well as the credit risks. Further, it is associated with the call risk as most of the preferred shares are allowed to be redeemed on demand even before the date of actual redemption. Moreover, the dividend will not be pain if the company is not able to earn enough money to pay as dividend. Preference stock holder mainly gets recurring incomes through regular dividend Calculation of FCFF Given data EBIT 80.0 EBIT(1-T) 66.4 Capital expenditures 11.2 Depreciation and amortization 33.0 Increase in the net working capital 32.7 Interest payment 5.0 Tax rate 17% FCFF = EBIT(1-T) (Capital investment Depreciation) Additional investment in the working capital FCFF = 66.4 (11.2 33.0) 32.7 FCFF = 22.83 Calculation of FCFE FCFE = FCFF Loan repayments FCFE = 22.83 5 FCFE = 17.83 Impact of increasing dividend policy On FCFF The FCFF is free cash flow to the organization. Therefore, it involves all the free cash flows to the bond holders and the equity owners. However, if the company increases the payments of dividend, the equity owners will have more flow of cash from the dividends whereas they will be able to get less flow of cash from other sources. Bond holders will not be affected as the net dividends or incomes are not attributable to the bond holders (Pinto et al., 2013). Further, the entire cash flow to the bond holders as well as the equity owners will not change. On FCFE it is the free cash flow that is attributable to the equity. Therefore, it is quite obvious that it includes all the free cash flows to the equity owners containing the payments for dividends (Pinto et al., 2015). However, if the company increases the payment for dividends, the cash flow from other sources may reduce. Further, the total flow for free cash to the equity owners will not be affected. Impact on FCFF and FCFE due to interest rate change FCFF that is the free cash flow of any firm is the measure for the financial performance that states the total amount of cash generated for a company after taxes, expenses and the changes in investment and net working capital are deducted. On the other hand, the FCFE that is the free cash flow to the equity is the measure to analyse the amount of cash that can be distributed to equity shareholders of any company in form of stock buybacks or dividend after meeting all the expenses, debt repayments and reinvestment. The FCFE is also known as the levered free cash flow (Kumar, 2015). The FCFF can be calculated using the cash flow from the operations (CFO) or the net income. The computation of FCFF through CFO is same as the computation of FCF as the FCFF is that cash flow which is distributed to the investors containing the debt holders and interest expenses is the cash that is the cash available to the debt holders shall be added back. While valuing any firm, the FCF is to be calculated over number of years. Therefore, it is likely that the firma can change their financing policies during these long periods. Owing to this, the impact on the cash flow of required to be considered in the even t of changes in the financial policy. The analysts generally takes into consideration the factor that operation cost of the firm is likely to be changed. They take into account the factors like increase in the material cost, increase in the wages and the inflation (Kaviani, 2013). Impact on FCFF the total borrowing whether increased or paid back does not have any impact on the FCFF as the FCFF measures the cash flow created in the business and borrowing is not created in the business and therefore, the net effect of borrowing is zero (Rubio, 2015). Impact on FCFE the borrowing has an impact on FCFE as it is the cash that can be distributed to the shareholder if the management wishes so. However, unlike the company, that has to pay off the borrowing, equities do not have to pay off the borrowings and it is generally paid by from the operational cash flow (Alberro, 2015). Therefore, as the firm borrows money it becomes available to the equity which in turn increases the FCFE (Mielcarz Mlinari?, 2014). More the borrowings more the burden of interest and where no new borrowings are there, the firm has to pay the interest only. However, when the borrowing is paid back it will reduce the FCFE. Case study on Mr and Mrs Anthony Chan Soon Thoong Property tax is the tax on the property ownership. Further, it is not the tax on income that applies tax on the income from rent received by the property owner. Property tax becomes payable by all the owners of the property on property they own, irrespective of the fact that the property is occupied by the owner, let or or left vacant by the owner. However, if the property is leased, the tax on income is collected on rental income apart from the charges of property tax at the rate of 10% on the annual value. Further, if the property is occupied by the owner, the concessionary rate of tax can be claimed. At present the rate of tax on property is 10% of the annual value of property with the concessionary rate ranged from 0 to 6% for the homes occupied by the owner (Surico Trezzi, 2015). During 2013, the rebate with regard to HDB property tax was $ 40. Further, from 1st Jan 2014, the rate of tax on property shifted to the progressive system that is the Residential Property Tax Annual V alue and it was effective from 1st Jan 2014. Computation of net tax payable by Anthony Computation of income from employment and trade Particulars Amount Income Bonus for 5 months $ 35,000.00 Relevant course study $ 8,000.00 Exempt as incurred to enhance income $ (8,000.00) income from selling the books $ 12,500.00 Dividend received on stock portfolio $ 4,300.00 Total income of Anthony $ 51,800.00 Tax applicable 1st 20,000 $ - Next 10,000 @ 2% $ 200.00 Next 10,000 @ 3.5% $ 350.00 On balance amount $ 7% $ 826.00 Total income tax payable $ 1,376.00 Computation of property tax Particulars Amount Value of property $ 1,100,000.00 Tax applicable 1st 8,000 @ 0% $ - next 47,0000 @ 4% $ 1,880.00 next 15,000 @ 6% $ 900.00 next 15,000 @ 8% $ 1,200.00 Next 15,000 @ 10% $ 1,500.00 Next 15000 @ 12% $ 1,800.00 Next 15000 @ 14% $ 2,100.00 Balance amount @ 16% $ 155,200.00 Total property tax payable $ 164,580.00 Total tax payable by Anthony $ 165,956.00 Note Childcare relief is assumed to be availed by Mr. Anthonys wife Janet as she is also working and can file his return separately. In case of mortgage, Anthony will be liable to pay the stamp duty on the mortgage value. In case of sale of the property, the conveyancing lawyer will notify the new owner and the tax will be shared equally by Anthony and new owner. Therefore, Anthony will be liable to pay = 1,376 +(164,580*50%) = $ 83,666 Reference Alberro, J. (2015). Estimating Damages Using DCF: From Free Cash Flow to the Firm to Free Cash Flow to Equity (and Back).ICSID Review-Foreign Investment Law Journal,30(3), 689-698. Bodie, Z. (2013).Investments. McGraw-Hill. Kaviani, M. (2013). Study of information content economic value added in explain new models based on free cash flow (CVFCFF and CVFCFE).International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting,3(1), 277. Kumar, R. (2015).Valuation: Theories and concepts. Academic Press. Mielcarz, P., Mlinari?, F. (2014). The superiority of FCFF over EVA and FCFE in capital budgeting.Economic Research-Ekonomska IstraÃ… ¾ivanja,27(1), 559-572. Pinto, J. E., Henry, E., Robinson, T. R., Stowe, J. D. (2015).Equity asset valuation. John Wiley Sons. Pinto, J., Robinson, T. R., Rath, R. D., ASA, C. (2013). Equity Valuation. Rubio, A. (2015). How to Consider Excess Cash in Firm Valuation.Browser Download This Paper. Smith, E. L. (2015).Common stocks as long term investments. Pickle Partners Publishing. Surico, P., Trezzi, R. (2015). Consumer Spending and Property Taxes.

Football match at school free essay sample

On November 18, 2013 there was a football match in the under than 15 school boy football league the game was played at the Jonathan grant high school oval. It was a match against the golden lions of Jonathan grant high and Spanish town high. This was a well anticipated match as fans turn out in their colors to support their teams. There were people in blue supporting the golden lions and some in yellow supporting Spanish town high. Match time was 12:30pm. The referees went out on the field followed by the players. Jonathan grant high was playing a 4-3-3- formation while Spanish town high was playing a 4-5-1 formation. The two (2) captains and the referee went in the center circle to flip a coin to see witch team would get the ball first. Jonathan grant won the coin toss and got the ball first. The match was on its way and in the 15th minute of play Spanish town scored their first goal and their fans cheered and shouted; GOAL, GOAL! A couple of Jonathan grant high school supporters telling them to stop. We will write a custom essay sample on Football match at school or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An argument started between two supporters a security guard came and stopped them from fighting each other. As the game went on a Spanish town high player fouled an opponent in the 18yards box and the referee issued a yellow card to the Spanish town high player and a free kick to the golden lions. The number 9 player from the golden lions scored the free kick and their supporters went wild, the player did a couple of stunts as he ran to his coach and teammates at the sidelines. A couple of supporters were fighting on the sideline of the field while the game was in play, the supporters turned out to be students of both schools, one of the students drew for a rock and started hitting the other girl in with it. The principal came and part the altercation between the students and carried both students to his office. The game was is its 89th minute of play when a player of Jonathan grant high scored their second goal to secure the win for Jonathan grant high. Most of the supporters ran onto the field jumping for joy and congratulating the wining team when suddenly we heard a loud bang. A couple of Spanish town high supporters fired wild shots on the field then ran off leaving two (2) Jonathan grant high players injured along with the coach and three supporters. The police and ambulance were summand to the scene. Both the police and ambulance arrived at the same time with loud sirens and flashing lights. Medical personal attended to who was injured while police officers escorted the unhurt supporters through the gate. The six persons that were injured were taken to hospital for further care. The last score standings were Jonathan grant on (2) while Spanish town high on (1) Jonathan grant advanced to round two (2) of the competition.

Hippocratic Bargain and Health Information Technology

Question: Discuss about the Hippocratic Bargain and Health Information Technology. Answer: Introduction Department Of Health (2003) describes patient confidentiality as the duty of confidence a healthcare provider bears to the information provided by a patient. The authors further mention that the information provided is should only be used to support the patients healthcare. In describing this further, Rothstein (2010) introduces the Oath of Hippocrates which allowed clinicians to provide patient information openly especially in presence of men who were empowered to make decisions for the other members of the community. However, times have changed. The Data Protection Act 1998 provides a legal framework for confidentiality of information. The principles that stand out include: Fair and lawful processing of information. Protection of personal data from theft, damage or loss. That personal data should only be processed for the lawful required purposes. Issues arising in accurate confidentiality of patient records Even with the legal guidelines provided, there are some aspects to confidentiality that need be further addressed. These include: Consent from the patient. Department of Health (2003) highlights that patients are required to provide necessary information that will enable healthcare providers offer them quality care. Clinicians should provide guidelines as to what information required and for what purpose. This way, in case a patient declines to give required information, they will bear no liability. Hassol et al. (2004), they notes that accurate records amount to better medical attention. They however observe that these records are mostly between 65% - 75% accurate which may be attributed to the fact that at times patients provide incorrect information or assume its relevancy. This emphasizes the important of the practitioner performing an orientation. Department Of Health (2003) stresses that it is important to seek consent before using records provided and also respect choices patients make with regards to providing information. That aside since most practitioners share patient records, when seeing a different person, patients should still be asked whether they would like that information to be used. (Rothstein, 2010). Communication by both parties Hassol et al (2004, pg. 505) highlights that good communication between healthcare providers and patients is necessary. Rothstein (2010, pg. 8) further states that in the times of Hippocrates communication mostly occurred in person which was limiting. However, technology has made things swift. It allows patients to schedule appointments, renew prescriptions, share information and clarify where there is doubt via modern forms of communication. (ibid). This also benefits the practitioners as they are allowed to send information beforehand to ensure patients understand procedures and guidelines. Use of personal data by clinicians Department Of Health (2003) introduces the Caldicott Principles which require practitioners to justify why they are sharing patients personal data and also act within the guidelines of the Data Protection Act 2008. Further to that, this information should only be accessed when necessary and there should be minimal identification of the patient to avoid issues such as gossiping. Conclusion To sum it up, confidentiality is the responsibility of healthcare providers. Patient record should be handled in a way that uphold their basic human rights. In handling theses records, practitioners should ask themselves whether their actions are in the patients best interests. List of References Department of Health. (November 2003). Confidentiality: NHS Code of Practice. Retrieved January 20, 2017 from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/200146/Confidentiality_-_NHS_Code_of_Practice.pdf. Gateway Ref: 1656. Hassol, A., Walker, M, J., Kidder, D., Rokita, K., et al. (Nov / Dec 2004). Patient Experiences and Attitudes about Access to a Patient Electronic Health Care Record and Linked Web Messaging. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association; Volume 11, Number 6. Information Commissioners Office. 8 Data Protection Principles. Retrieved January 20, 2017 from https://ico.oorg.uk/media/1042048/8-data-protection-priciples-postcard.pdf Rothstein, A, M. (2010). The Hippocratic Bargain and Health Information Technology. The Effects of Health Information Technology on the Physician-Patient Relationship. Spring The Data Protection Act 1998. Retrieved January 20, 2017 from www. legislation.gov.uk.

Robinson Crusoe Essays - English-language Films, British Films

Robinson Crusoe Robinson Crusoe was written by Daniel Defoe. The novel was first published in 1719. It tells the story of a young explorer who becomes marooned on a deserted island. His experiences of the island change his outlook on life. Daniel Defoe was a short story writer that came from an poor family. Defoe was poor for most of his life and made his living as a butcher and a writer. Defoe mostly wrote short stories and political essays. Robinson Crusoe was a combination of two short stories. Many believe Defoe used Robinson Crusoe to portray himself in a certain ways. The description was almost identical to his own and after his wife left him, he felt as if he was marooned on a deserted island. The story takes place in the 1700s on a deserted island somewhere off the coast of Brazil. The island is fairly large in size and has a small shore. The interior of the island has many trees, wild pigs and other small animals and a small cave in which Crusoe stores food. I walked about the shore lifting up my hands. Look around, I see nothing but water, a forest, and the remains of my ship. At first, I was afraid of wild animals but after some exploration of the land, the only animals I had seen were wild pigs, squirrels, and some small birds. The only possessions that Crusoe retrieved from the remains of his ship were a small knife, a box of tabacco, a pipe, and a small book that would later become his journal. Robinson Crusoe was a young and stubborn explorer. He was extremely tall and strong. His stay on the island changed him from a mean, stubborn man to an open-minded protestant. Standing at six feet, two inches and having my long, thick brown hair back in a ponytail, I felt as if I was eight feet tall. Without the permission of my parents, I was still sailing away from the misery. I held the cargo box is my strong arms, waiting to board my beautiful ship. Crusoe became a skilled craftsman and was an extremely religious man due to his stay on the island. Being the only man on the entire island, he established a faith in God. He also became more articulate from writing in a journal daily. Overall, his stay on the island changed Crusoe's life greatly. As the story begins, Robinson Crusoe defies his parents and sets out to sea. Crusoe encounters a series of violent storms at sea and ends up in Africa. He sets out on another voyage and is captured by the Sallee, a group of pirates. Luckily, he manages to escape and board a Portuguese ship and sail to Brazil. While in Brazil, Crusoe purchases a large sugar plantation. After leaving Brazil, he encounters another storm in which his ship is destroyed and he is marooned on an island as the only survivor. On the island, Crusoe gathers food and builds a small shelter. He writes in a journal to keep account of his stay. Crusoe becomes a skilled craftsman and begins to feel a spiritual connection with God. He also builds a small boat that he uses to sail around the island. After living on the island for fifteen years, Crusoe discovers that savages had landed on the island and that they perform human sacrifices. Crusoe helps a prisoner escape from these savages. He names the prisoner Friday and teaches him english. Together, they build a new boat and attempt to leave the island. However, Friday learns his father is a prisoner of the savages. Crusoe and Friday return and rescue his father and a Spaniard. The four men board a passing boat and gain control of it. Crusoe sails back to his native land to learn his sugar plantation has made him rich. He sells the plantation and marries. As the novel closes, Crusoe is persuaded to take a final voyage, back to the island. Robinson Crusoe is written using an English dialect. The narration of the novel is simple, informal and extremely easy to understand. However, Defoe uses verbose descriptions for characters. He was a comely, handsome fellow, perfectly well made, with strong limbs, not too large, tall and well-shaped, and I reckon he was about twenty years of age. The color of his skin was not quite black, but very tawny; and yet not of an ugly, yellow, nauseous tawny, as the Brazilians and Virginians, and other natives are; but of a bright

Halloween is bad

The Halloween celebration is bad. To begin with, the celebration is meant to commemorate the god of dead people. It signifies the time when the wall between the world of the dead or supernatural and the living was broken down. It is thought that evil spirits and spirits of the dead visit the earth during this time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Halloween is bad specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Those who strongly believe in the celebration see it as an opportunity to seek help from the devil concerning issues like marriage, the enemies, and health, among others. In reality, the ceremony exalts the devil and other spirits hence demining God’s power and his ability to save mankind from his troubles. The ceremony has strong links to pagan worship (Barth 22). Every faith that has God or a god at the center of worship usually demands that only that God/god is to be worshipped and any divergence from that is pe rceived as transgression. On the contrary, Halloween acknowledges evil spirits and even the devil and as they are thought to be able to solve human problems. In the real sense, it is only people who ascribe to Satanism that acknowledge the supremacy of Satan and any celebration that exalts the devil must be satanic. For those ascribing to the Christian faith most of the activities done on the day could be termed as anti-Christian. Given that light and darkness cannot associate, then the devil and God cannot be acknowledged at the same time. Some of the activities carried out during the Halloween celebration include visiting those houses that are haunted by evil spirits. Black cats, the jack-o’-lanterns and bonfires are all associated with this celebration most of which owe their originality to occultism. In the ancient days during the Halloween celebration, people wore animal skins and they would dance around bonfires. Participating in the celebration is equivalent to supping with the devil. Those who do it cautiously can be compared to those using a long spoon. In its original ancient form, the celebration was accompanied by human sacrifices and it was mostly performed by the witches. During the ceremony, demons are worshiped using the human sacrifice. By allowing one allowing his/her children to take part in the celebration, that person is simply initiating the children to Satanism and reinforcing their belief in the spirits of the departed. Such children may end up unruly or ascribing to very weird beliefs. The celebration is mainly associated with mischievous activities, death and ghosts.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The celebration has been slowly getting into people’s minds and activities and it is nowadays being perceived as any public holiday. Some celebrate it without trying to find out its significant. Some on the other hand do celebrate it due to peer pressure (Russell 100). During the Halloween celebration, children are left wandering in the night doing activities they do not fully understand. This could jeopardize their safety and security as no one can foretell the danger that lies ahead during the night. It may therefore help to stop one’s children from wondering aimlessly in the night on purely security grounds. The costumes worn during the ceremony are scary and might even cause nightmares to some of the young children. There is need for those who celebrate the ceremony unknowingly to research into the history of the ceremony as well as its meaning before daring to take part in it. Works Cited Barth, Edna. Witches, Pumpkins, and Grinning Ghosts. New York: Seabury Press, 1972. Print. Russell, Jeffrey Burton. Witchcraft in the Middle Ages. New York: Cornell University Press, 1972. Print. This essay on Halloween is bad was written and submitted by user Charli K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Arabs vs Jews essays

Arabs vs Jews essays On November 29, 1947, the United Nations voted to divide the Middle Eastern land called Palestine into two independent nations, one Arab and one Jewish. On May 14, 1948, a new nation was born: Israel. The Jews of Israel and the world celebrated with joy and gladness, because for over two thousand years, they had hoped to return to the land of their heritage. (Silverman, 1) However with Jews from all around the world returning to Israel, the Arabs residing in this land were forced into exile. The rebirth of Israel marked the beginning of conflict, violence, and peace treaties between the Arabs and the Jews of the Middle East. Tensions between Jews and Arabs have been present since biblical times in the Middle East. In 132 AD, when Israel was under Roman rule, the Jews revolted and fought for independence. In 135 AD the Romans crushed the Jewish revolt and expelled nearly all of the Jews of Israel. The Romans then renamed Israel-Palestine, so as to remove any connection between the land and the Jewish people. (Tessler, 12) The Jews never forgot their homeland, and prayed three times a day to return to Israel and to the holy city of Jerusalem. In the 7th century, a new religion, Islam, arose in the Middle East. The Muslim Arabs conquered Palestine from the Byzantines and began to settle the land. They built the Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aksa mosque in Jerusalem, where they believed Prophet Muhammad ascended into heaven to receive parts of the Quran. (Goldschmidt, 46) During the early 1500s, Palestine was captured and put under Turkish rule. During the First World War, the Turkish government placed severe restrictions on Jewish daily life, because the Turks believed that the Jews were plotting with their enemies. In December of 1917, the British army under the command of General Edmund Allenby defeated the Turks and captured Palestine. Four hundred years of Turkish rule had ended. Just six weeks before the annex of Turk...

History of Air Transport and Airport

History of Air Transport and Airport Introduction Transport economics mainly focus on the movement of goods and people over time and space. There are different modes of transport used to transport goods and people from one region to another. These include road transport, air transport, rail transport, sea and air transport.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Air Transport and Airport specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All these modes have their advantages and disadvantages and the choice of one mode of transport depends on several factors such as speed, costs, convenience, and many other factors. In transport economics, the cost of transport is very important since it plays an important role in facilitation of trade. This topic analyses transport economics specifically on the area of air transport. History of Air Transport Among all the other modes of transport, air transport was among the last modes to be developed. Before the developmen t of air transport, the other modes of transport such as road and sea transport, which were developed many years ago, were used. In the ancient times before the discovery of modern modes of transport, people used to walk by foot from place to another implying that, even for people to exchange goods and services, they had to walk by foot from one market place to another. This mode of exchange was very cumbersome for many reasons. First, it was time consuming; secondly, the quantity of goods to be transported was very little and this phenomenon made it difficult to trade and the transport was so inconvenient. However, as the time went by, different modes of transport were developed which reduced the cost of transport. For instance, roads were developed and trucks could be used to transport goods from one region to another. Rail and water transport were developed and goods could now be transported over long distances. Development of rail and water transport made it possible for traders to exchange their goods from country or continent to another and this facilitated more trade and reduced costs of transportation. However, the development of these three modes of transport (road, rail, and sea) transport did not solve the problem of transport completely. A mode of transport that was faster and more convenient was required. This need led to the development of air transport in the early twentieth century.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through innovation of airplane, trade was taken to another new level where goods could now be exchanged at faster rate than before. Air transport made it possible to transport goods and people from one region to another within few minutes. Perishable goods, which could not be exchanged before due to their nature, could now be transported from one region to another. Movement of goods and people was enhanced i n all parts of the globe. The cost of transport was also reduced in a large proportion by the development of the air transport. Since then, air transport has been developing with discovery of more advanced aircrafts, which has made transport of goods and people faster and more convenient. Development of Airport Discovery of aircrafts facilitated development of airports that act as the hubs of air transport. Airports have developed over the years as more advanced airplanes are developed. Airports have been developed in all the countries in the world. In developed countries, there are numerous airports in almost all the major towns to facilitate transportations of goods and services from one region to another. Global cities such as London, New York, Paris and many others that serve as the centre of international trade have developed large and modern airports over the last years to enhance transportation of people and goods in all the regions of the world. Airlines from different compa nies use these major airports as their centre to all the other routes in the world. Air transport and economic development The development of air transport over the years has transformed trade through increased movement of goods and passengers. Due to speed and convenience of the air transport, many businesses people carrying out international and domestic trade have opted for this mode of transport despite its high charges. According to Daley, air transport has made a positive contribution to the economy over the time (210). The graph below shows the relationship between economic growth and the volume of goods and passengers using air transport from 1950 to 2008. Source: The Geography of Transport SystemsAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Air Transport and Airport specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Between 1950 and 2008, airfreight and air passengers’ traffic was growing faster than the worl d economic growth rate. This can be attributed to the capability of the air transport to reduce time and space which attracted more goods and people to this mode. Around 1960, there was congestion in the air transport traffic and air transport companies were looking for airplanes that could carry more passengers and goods. In 1970s, there was revolution in the air industry after development of large capacity airplanes, which could carry larger capacity and charge low prices. This increased global economic growth. As Xiaowen, Tae and Anming note, increased competition and efficiency has also increased demand of air transport (p.24). Thus, economic growth and air transport are closely related and development of air transport has increased global economic growth. Airport security Though the development of air transport has transformed world trade, it has come along with negatives effects that have seriously affected the lives of people. These negative effects include environmental poll ution, air accidents, increased illegal trafficking of goods and people among other problems. Over the past years, the issue of insecurity has become a major global challenge due to increased cases of crimes in aircraft and airports. Due to increased volume of people using air transport, airports have become potential targets for crimes such as terrorism and other kinds of crimes. Airport provides a large crowd that is concentrated on a small area, which makes it highly susceptible to terrorism attacks. Large global airlines are also targeted due to their carrying capacity of their aircraft. The 9/11 terrorist attack at the World Trade Centre headquarters in New York in 2002 represents one of the recent terrorism attack on aircrafts. Due to increased cases of terrorism attacks and especially after the 9/11 attack, airport, and aircraft security has become a very sensitive issue in the whole world. Strict measures have been put in air transport to prevent such occurrences in future. Lord indicates that, risk assessment in the airport security is necessary in all the airports (1). According to United States Government Accountability Office (GAO), report security scrutiny should also be done even in foreign airports and aircraft to prevent cases of terrorism (111). Techniques and various methods have been adopted in airports in the world to ensure that aircrafts and airports are protected from any potential attack. New techniques have been developed to screen both people and goods in the airport in the search for bombs and other explosives.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Daley, Ben. â€Å"Is air transport an effective tool for sustainable development?† Sustainable Development journal 17.4 (2009): 210-219. Lord, Stephen. â€Å"A National Strategy and Other Actions Would Strengthen TSAs Efforts to Secure Commercial Airport Perimeters and Access Controls.† GAO Reports, 2009: 1-97. The geography of transport systems. Air Transportation Growth (Passengers and Freight) and Economic Growth, 2011. Web. https://transportgeography.org/ United States Government Accountability Office. â€Å"Aviation Security: Foreign Airport Assessments and Air Carrier Inspections Help Enhance Security, but Oversight of These Efforts Can Be Strengthened: GAO-07-729.† GAO Reports, 2007: 96-124. Xiaowen, Fu, Tae, Hoon, and Anming, Zhang. â€Å"Air Transport Liberalization and Its Impacts on Airline Competition and Air Passenger Traffic.† Transportation Journal 49.4 (2011):24-41.

How to Register for the PSAT 3 Simple Steps

How to Register for the PSAT 3 Simple Steps SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Every autumn, sophomores and juniors have the opportunity to take the PSAT. But how exactly does the PSAT registration process work? Does everyone have the same PSAT sign up date? What does it cost to take the PSAT? Here, we'll teach you everything you need to know about PSAT registration. We'll start with a brief overview of how registration works and then go over the three key steps you need to take in order to register for the PSAT. We'll also touch on how to register if you’re homeschooled or living outside the US before finishing with our toptips for ensuring a smoothPSAT registration process. PSAT Registration: Overview Unlike the SAT, for which you register online through the College Board, you will register for the PSAT through your own high school. Exactly how the PSAT sign up process works will depend on yourschool. Basically, though,here's how it works: schools inform their students when the PSAT registration deadline is, and then give instructions on how to register and pay for the test. The PSAT is offered three times a year in the autumn on a primary date, Saturday date, and alternate date. Your school will select the date on which it will administer the PSAT. Most schools choose the primary date, but some might insteadadminister the PSAT on one of the two alternate dates should the primary date not workwell with the school’s schedule. Here is the 2019 PSAT testing schedule, confirmed by the College Board. For information on future PSAT test dates, refer to our guide. Primary Date Saturday Date Alternate Date Wednesday, October 16, 2019 Saturday, October 19, 2019 Wednesday, October 30, 2019 Many schools will require you to register for the PSAT around September. Unfortunately, not all schools administer the PSAT.If your high school isn't going to offerthe PSAT, you may take the test atanother nearby school that is offeringit. Next, we'll walk through the PSAT registration process and look athow to search for high schools offering the PSAT in case your school doesn't plan toadminister it. How to Register for the PSAT: 3-Step Guide Here, we go over the three steps required to register for the PSAT at your (or a nearby) school. Step 1: Determine Whether Your School Will Offer the PSAT First, you must determine whether your high school will actually administer the PSAT. The easiest way to check this is to use the College Board'sschool search tool,whichlooks like this: With this tool, all you have to do is type in the name of your school and its city, state (if applicable), zip code, and country. Once you click "Search," you'll getan entry with the name and address of your school as well as its assessment and test date. On the drop-downmenu, click "PSAT/NMSQT Fall 2019." (If fall 2019 dates aren't available yet, click "Fall 2018" to see whether your school offered the PSAT last year.) Here’s an example of a school in Houstonthat offered the 2016 PSAT on that year's primary date: If you know for sure your school will not be offering the PSAT or if you’re a homeschooled student, you can instead search for your city, state, and zip code to see which schools around you will be offering the PSAT.This type of search can help narrow down your options, ultimately allowing youto select the school that's most convenient for you. Alternatively, if you don't want to use this search tool, you can ask your counselor whether your school will be offering the PSAT or whether they know of any nearby schools that plan to offer it. Step 2: Find Out Your PSAT Registration Deadline and Test Date Most high schools opt forthe primary test date, which is always a weekday in early or mid-October.However,some schools might choose the Saturday PSAT date or the alternate test date instead to accommodate special schedules or religious observances. To find out when your school will be administering the PSAT, consult your counselor or look at the 2019 PSATadministration date for your school using theschool search tool. Here’s an example of two schools in the same city with different administration dates. One school administered the 2016 PSAT on the primary test date, whereas the other administered the test on the Saturday date: Your school should inform you prior to the PSAT test dates when the examwill take place. If you haven’t heard anything by early or mid-September, talk to yourcounselor. Step 3: Sign Up and Pay for the PSAT Your next step is to register for the PSAT. Simple, right? Here's the kicker, though: PSAT sign up methods vary by school.So while some schools might require you to registerand pay for the test in person, others might require you to go online and register through a website. (You'llnever register for the PSAT through the College Board.) For example, in 2016,this high schoolrequired students to register for the PSAT online and pay for it later in person, whilethis school requires students to register and pay for the PSAT all in person. Whatever the case, your school should offer clear instructions on how to completeyourPSAT sign up.Schools typically hand out or email PSAT registration information to students inthe early fall. If you're planning to take the PSAT at a different school, you'll need to call thatschool or contact one of itscounselors to inquire about the PSAT registration process and see whether the process differs for students who do not attend that school. When registering for the PSAT, you’ll typically provide basic identifying information, including your full name, home address, phone number, email address, grade level, and student ID number (if applicable). The PSAT costs $16 per student,butsome schools might cover all or part of this fee. Likewise, some schools might charge more than $16 in order to compensate for the use of proctors and test administrators. Either way, your school should tell you how much you'll need to pay for the PSAT and how to submit your payment. Most schools accept cash or checks, but what is considered an acceptable form of payment will vary depending on the school. Checks will most likely be addressedto your school (never to the College Board). Finally,if you're alow-income junior, you might qualify for a PSAT fee waiver. To confirmyour eligibility, talk withyour counselor. Only schools- not students!- maycontact the College Board to request fee waivers. If you have any questions or concerns about PSAT registration or paying for the PSAT, it's best to consult your counselor directly. And there you have it: everything you need to know and do in order to register for the PSAT! Want to improve your PSAT score by 150 points? Check out our best-in-class online PSAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your PSAT score by 150 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also feature thousands of practice questions and two official PSAT practice tests. Check out our 5-day free trial: How to Register for the PSAT If You’re Homeschooled If you’re homeschooled, you can still register for the PSAT- you just need to find a school that administers it.Here are the steps to follow: Step 1: Get in Touch With a Local High School Use theCollege Board’s high school search tooltolook for schools offering the PSAT or to confirm that the high school you want to test at will be administeringthe PSAT. The College Board recommends reaching out to schoolsfour months beforethe testtoensure you'll have ample time to work out registration logistics and solidify your test-taking plans. Step 2: Request a Copy of the Official Student Guide From the School This free guide will tell you everything you need to know about the PSAT and even comeswith a full-length practice test. You can alsodownload the PSAT guide from the College Board website. Step 3: Determine Whether You Qualify for a Fee Waiver Generally, those who qualify for PSAT fee waivers are low-income th graders. I suggest reviewing the eligibility requirements and then consulting a counselor at your selected school to determine whether you're eligible. Note that homeschooled students may not request fee waivers directly from the College Board. How to Register for the PSAT If You’re Living Outside the US You don’t need to be a current resident of the US or even a US citizen to take the PSAT. Unfortunately, non-US citizens and non-permanent residents are not eligible for National Merit scholarships, so there's not much incentive for international students to take the exam outside the US. On the other hand, if you're a US citizen (in the th grade or equivalent) who is currently living abroad, you are eligible for National Merit consideration. Here's how you can register for the PSAT abroad: Step 1: Contact a Local School That Offers the PSAT If you’re not sure which schools are offering the PSAT, use the College Board’s school search tool to look for schools. Make sure you start this process early- you should ideally reach out to schools in your area at least four months before the primary PSAT test date. Step 2: Contact an English-Speaking Educator This educator should guide you through the PSATregistration process and help you pay for the exam at your selected school. Step 3: Request a Copy of the Official Student Guide From the School Your school should give you a copy of this guide once you’ve registered for the PSAT. This free test guide contains a full-length practice PSAT in addition to tons of information on what the PSAT is and what kinds of skills it tests. Alternatively, you can download it from the College Board website. How to Request PSAT Accommodations for a Disability Students who have documented disabilities may request special accommodations for the PSAT. Examples of accommodations include braille booklets, large-type test booklets, additional time, and extended breaks. To request an accommodation, ask your school counselor to submit an official request to the College Board Services for Students with Disabilities on your behalf. The process usually takes about seven weeks,so be sure to start early. If you're given any accommodations for your disability withouthaving received prior approval from the College Board, your PSAT scores will be canceled. So don’t dawdle- talk to your counselor as early as possible to secure theaccommodations you need for test day! 5 Tips for Ensuring a Smooth PSAT Registration Process Before you register for the PSAT, follow our five tips below to ensure asmooth and error-free registration process. #1: Start the Process Early Unless your counselor has confirmed your school's PSAT intentions, you can't just assume your school will be offering the PSAT. This is why I suggest starting the PSAT process early, ideally at the end of your sophomore year. During this time, ask your counselor whether your school will be administering the PSAT and when. If you know that your school won’t be offering the PSAT (or if you are homeschooled), start looking for schools in your area that will be offering it, and get in touch with them as soon as possible. Remember, it's necessary to give yourself plenty of time to contact schools, especially if you'll be asking about fee waivers or requesting special accommodations for a disability. #2: Keep Your October Schedule Open Usually, all PSAT dates are scheduled for October, so you'll want to keep your October schedule fairly empty in order to accommodate the PSAT- particularly if your school hasn't yet announced the exact date on which it will administer the test. To avoid conflict, don't schedule dentist or orthodontist appointments on Wednesday mornings, and don't plan any weekend getaways in case your school chooses the Saturday test date. #3: Ask About Fee Waivers Many students fail to realize they qualify for a PSAT fee waiver, which is why we suggest talking to your counselor early in the PSAT registration process about discounts for low-income th graders. Note that PSAT fee waivers apply to all sorts of students, including homeschooled students, US citizens testing outside the US, and non-US citizens testing in the US. There is a caveat, though: fee waivers only cover the actual cost of the exam ($16) and not any additional fees that might be required by the school. So even with a fee waiver, you might still have to pay a nominal fee in order to take the PSAT. As always, check with your school for details. #4: Decide Whether You’ll Take the PSAT as a Sophomore Most students take the PSAT as juniors, but some choose totake the PSAT as sophomores toget afeel for the format of the test and what you’ll be expected to know. The downside?Sophomores are not eligible for National Merit scholarships, which target high-scoring juniors only, so there is no monetary benefit to taking the PSAT as a sophomore. Despite this con, taking the PSAT early can help familiarize you with ;the structure and content of the exam, ultimately increasing your chance of qualifying for National Merit as a junior. So if you truly want to give yourself your best shot at qualifying for National Merit in the future, go ahead and register for the PSAT as a sophomore! #5: Consult Your Counselor for Questions Last but not least, always consult your school counselor if you have any questions about the PSAT, such as when the test is, how to submit your payment, and how to request fee waivers and special accommodations. Ultimately, when it comes to your school, your counselor will be the most reliable PSAT resource available! Recap: How PSAT Registration Works All students register for the PSAT through their high schools or through a local school should their own school not administer the exam. Each school conducts its own PSAT registration process and will explain to students when the test is and how students can sign up and pay for it. Fee waivers are usually available to low-income th graders. If you are homeschooled or do not currently reside in the US, you can still take the PSAT. To register, contact a local high school that’s administering the PSAT and ask whether you can take it there. If you need special accommodations for a disability, you can request these ahead of time through your counselor. Finally, don't forget these five essential tips guaranteed to help your ;PSAT registration proceed as smoothly as possible: Start early and confirm that your school actually offers the PSAT Keep your fall schedule, especially October, relatively empty to account for all PSAT test dates Ask your counselor about fee waivers and see whether you’re eligible for one Decide whether you’d be interested in taking the PSAT as a sophomore Direct any PSAT-related questions to your counselor What’s Next? Need a rundown of the PSAT before you register for it? Check out our in-depth PSAT guide to learn what the test is, how it's scored, and what kinds of skills you'll need to master to achieve a great PSAT score on test day. Want to learn about PSAT scoring? Our complete guide explains everything you need to know about PSAT score distribution, percentiles, and cutoff scores for National Merit consideration. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Take home exam for law and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Take home exam for law and ethics - Essay Example It is in this respect wherein the concept of the best practices in corporate governance emerged. An important element that constitutes best practices in corporate governance is transparency. This can be in the form of disclosure, which most capital markets require from its listed companies. What is recommended here is for such corporate policy to be codified as part of the organization’s rules and regulations. For example, Berghe wrote that majority of best practices in corporate governance in the area of transparency is the explicit rule in the code that financial performance, including the related interests of the members of the board should be reported in the annual report to shareholders.1 In addition to the disclosure of the financial reports, best practices mandate that other pertinent information should also be made available, including, but not limited to, instances of share ownership and voting rights. The names of the board members, managers (including their compensation) should not remain hidden as well. The significance of these variables variable has been demonstrated in the bankruptcy of Enron. It was only during the intense media and government scrutiny after the company announced its financial woes that the exorbitant compensation packages of its executives were revealed along with its â€Å"creative† accounting practices. Certainly, the importance of disclosure in corporate governance is particularly highlighted during crises. If full transparency is ensured, audit, performance evaluations, and other assessments and mechanisms can function properly in order to ensure that the organization is on track in achieving its objectives and compatible with sound corporate governance. Another component of best practices is the explicit rule in a corporate code of best practices to establish ethical and corporate governance standards. A number of stock

Nursing Informatics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Nursing Informatics - Coursework Example Any information that is considered private and confidential should never be disclosed to the third party unless that patient gives consent. Patient information should not be shared without his knowledge, as there are various ethical complications associated with disclosing any health information. The information can be revealed for the best interest of the patient, is autonomy, and the public interest. If an individual has a contagious disease, the medics can reveal his health information for the public’s interest (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015). Supporting the patients’ autonomy is important and it is possible to avoid ethical problems by giving patients enough information about information disclosure. Some information may be disclosed without the patient’s consent especially when it is to the best interest of the patient that the information be disclosed to the relatives. Confidentiality is important to the patients as it provides a secure environment conducive for them to seek medical care and be open with the details of their illnesses. Confidentiality also makes the public have trust on the health professionals and ensure that the respect for the patients autonomy is respected. People have the right to choose people who can access their health information although the medical practitioners can breach confidentiality when necessary. Data breaches in hospitals and health centers are on the rise posing a challenge in protecting electronic patient health information. There are various steps for health care organizations to take to safeguard their patients’ information such as using secure transmissions by using a minimum of 128-bit encryption when transferring sensitive data (Rehg, 2014). The medical professionals can also perform an annual risk assessment and address any security issues, especially with the current cloud computing. Beefing up physical security and having clear access control policies will help identify whether people

Research Paper for Ethics Criminal Justice Class

For Ethics Criminal Justice Class - Research Paper Example â€Å"According to Bloxham & Kushner (2005), it was very unethical for the commanders to follow the laws and orders of the Third Reich during the Holocaust.† The following quote show the hatred developed by most Germans against the Jews â€Å"A Jew is for me an object of disgust. I feel like vomiting when I see one. Christ could not possibly have been a Jew. It is not necessary to prove that scientifically – it is a fact.  I do not need to prove this with  science  or scholarship. It is so!† The Third Reich was the official Nazi designation for the regime ruling Germany from January 1933 to may 1945 under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. This Third Reich was a presumed successor of the medieval and early modern Holy Roman Empire of 800 to 1806, which was the First Reich, while the German empire from 1871 to 1918 formed the Second Reich. The Third Reich operated on laws and orders that were discriminatory to people who were of different races from the Germans, especially the Jews and the polish. As such, the obedience by their commanders of these laws and regulations to continually persecute and exterminate the Jews and polish in German concentration camps was very unethical. These laws and orders as followed by the Third Reich were extremely immoral and unethical. Furthermore, they were particularly against the Jewish people. â€Å"Bergen (2003) argues that their defense during the Nuremberg trials was utterly wrong and unsuccessful, as law or no law; it is unethical an d inhumane to persecute and execute others just to follow orders†. The word Holocaust originates from the Greeks, comprising a combination of two Greek words, â€Å"holos† which means whole, and â€Å"kaustos† which means burned. The Greek used this word historically to refer to or describe a sacrificial offering that they offered burned on an altar. However, this term acquired a new and horrendous meaning during the Nazi regime and

Learning Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Learning Reflection - Essay Example Also, I learned how to manage issues of the healthcare setting, and how imperative healthcare quality and wellbeing is for patients, family, and team member. Health starts with proper management of care. I realized how management is crucial for improving productivity and quality of the health care. The issues blend well with the two program Learning Outcomes I selected. This is because managing is an important step to a proper health care setting. It is also important that as a leader, one must possess the skills necessary for operations. The two Program Learning Outcomes have supported my way of thinking about what could happen or what is expected. There were several case scenarios that were used for me to make a managerial decision. The scenarios gave me the opportunity to use my judgment and make important decisions. Hence, I have been critical on issues needed for quality and safe healthcare practices. The discussion questions gave me the opportunity to read my online classmate thoughts and opinions. In addition, it gave me the opportunity to form my thoughts and opinions about the course of discussion. The course readings and the reading of classmate discussion were valuable as I have been able to offer critical analysis to issues at

World War III. Introducing C. Wright Mills and Goertzel Article Essay

World War III. Introducing C. Wright Mills and Goertzel Article - Essay Example Mills's collection market paper- back, The Causes of World War III, sold more than one hundred thousand copies to the civilians who were anguished by the Sputnik after they comprehended that the United States did not contribute to the campaign against the altering of the nuclear attack (Mills 32). In the book â€Å"The Causes of World War III†, it is noted that there was a â€Å"relentless thrust of assertion and a bludgeoning style, none of which affected the complexity of argument or the credibility of evidence†. According to Mills it was much easier for the Soviet Union to substitute the impassioned description for a thorough analysis. In spite of these weaknesses, Mills tries to view and compare the elites of United States and the Soviet Union in the year 1950. This is aimed at drifting and thrusting a force towards the war that was alleged to have affected the nations. In the year 1958, Mills describes that it was not evident that United States was ever going to en d the war with the North Vietnam or the Soviet Union. This was anticipated to the post World War II domination of the world strategies that were imposed by Americans and the Soviet Union and it was due to turn down. ... The explosion of the New Left movements in the 1960s is not only attributed to his art work alone, but they undoubtedly contributed to it. Mills' policies were not based on the prediction of the future, but the change that was to be inculcated. The New Left was often disparaged for not abiding by the policies that composed of positive proposals for change. Mills evaded the problem and through his pacifist manifesto of 1958, the radical, utopian demands, such as unilateral nuclear disarmament were combined with the practical modification that could easily be accepted by liberals. This included the recognition of Red China, the increment of foreign aid, and the enhancement of student interactions with the Soviet Union. Majority of the liberal reforms, were implemented making the book to yield not only in the promotion of specific policy proposals, but in shaping the zeitgeist of 10s prejudice. The potency and shortcomings of the New Left are projected in Mills’ polemical writing s (Mills 54). Facts Goertzel Uses Against Mills Analysis According to Mills analysis, there has been an introduction of the power elite in the 1960s. These are termed as the definitive assumptions, terminologies and research techniques. The objective approach of the examining group’s success is directed by the economic resources. The main principle of the sanction of power is the ability to maintain a balanced national income. The industrial complex is increasingly dominating the American nation. Goertzel states that there have been two main intervals of military upsurge during the last thirty years - the Vietnam War and the Reagan years. These upsurges are exceptional of the longer trend. These exclusions have been as

One Lie Leads to Another Essay Example for Free

One Lie Leads to Another Essay Lying is when a person does not tell the truth or does not tell all the facts. Why do people lie? There may be many different opinions and maybe even many different excuses of why people lie. One thing is right thought and that is that lying is considered morally wrong in our society. In the United States Army lying is considered one of the most immoral actions a soldier or anyone else can take towards the army, especially if it’s lying to an NCO. In the army there is a zero tolerance for liars and lying in general. Even thought lying is morally wrong people continue to lie in their everyday lives. As a soldier one must not fall into the temptation or fall below one’s army values and code of conduct. As a soldier one is looked upon and trusted to tell the truth no matter what. Lying to an NCO or officer is not the correct choice for a soldier to make no matter what kind of situation he has gone through, as a soldier you are expected to always respond with the truth and nothing but the truth. One of the reasons a soldier should not lie to an NCO is because Like I said before you might turn lying into another one of your habits in your lifestyle just like smoking and drinking. That is why, as a soldier of the United States Army one must always maintain his integrity and commit himself to always say the truth. Society and other fellow soldiers look up to you and lay their trust on you. But all that trust that is deposited to you by others can go out the window when you tell a lie. You may need another lie to cover your first lie and that is how it might keep going unless you tell the truth or you get caught on the spot. Just like the other habits it may not be so easy to break away from and just like the other habits it might not be good at all, for yourself and the others around you. Lying only keeps getting you into more and more trouble so the best thing to do is to always stick to the truth and wait for the best. He may have to face severe consequences like physical labor or other types of military corrective actions. Lying also only leads to more and more lies. Now his punishment might have been doubled because of that. e if he is caught lying he might find himself in a worst situation. One lie leads to another and then to another and so on and so on. The NCOs can be looked upon as the representatives of the people in the United States Army and lying to them can be viewed as lying to the people. You now hold a large responsibility in your hands as soon as you wear the uniform of the United States Army.

Acquisition of Nursing Critical Thinking Skills Strategies

Acquisition of Nursing Critical Thinking Skills Strategies Aims Aims are general statements of the expected educational intentions of the subject taught (Butt, 2006). The aims of the lesson are: 1. To provide nursing students with opportunities to acquire critical thinking abilities necessary for distinguishing genuine patients 2. To enable students to apply and implement the learnt critical thinking strategies learnt in actual practice with human patients. 3. To provide opportunities for students to develop critical thinking skills and practice clinical decision-making with appropriate faculty guidance. 4. To equip the students with the necessary assessment skills required in identifying patient problems, analysing these problems in terms of their implications for the underlying disease processes and psychosocial needs, and taking actions to optimize the recovery situation. Learning Objectives Learning objectives are specific and measurable targets to be attained by students taught (Kerry, 2002). By the end of the lesson, the student shall be able to: 1. Recall knowledge and facts learnt in class. 2. Apply the comprehension thinking to articulate and establish the relationship among data. 3. Apply the concept learning new hypothetical situation to arrive at correct answer. 4. Apply the analysis in breaking problems into components and examine the components to establish trends and evidence generalization. 5. Present items or thoughts together in new ways-synthesis. 6. Evaluate arguments for validity or relative worth of a view point or process based on established criteria. Teaching Philosophy The teaching philosophy for lessons is derived from social and situational theories that put focus on relationships and interaction between individuals as basis for learning process (International Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Worasinchai Ribiere, 2014). The theories hold that students must engage in meaningful discussions and conversation with one another in order to learn from them. I hold the view that students learn best from their peers. Consequently, peer learning shall be done in every teaching session. Teaching Strategies Teaching strategies are methods and processes the teacher uses to engage student and facilitate the learning process (Programme for International Student Assessment., Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2010). These strategies are outlined below. 1. Peer learning. Peer learning is a learning strategy that entails students learning from themselves in pairs or groups (Frankland, 2007). For peer learning section, the teach er shall group students and provide task for each group to perform. Peers shall together to set up a support network for group learning and support. 2. Observation and feedback. The teacher provides clear, honest, detailed and objective feedback on the learner’s performance so they may identify areas in need of improvement or levels of achievement. 3. Demonstration Demonstration is a type of learning that involves exhibition and explanation of the concept, process, procedure, idea or experiment (Sankaranarayanan Sindhu, 2012). A student will be allocated to perform as a patient with a scenario, and the students will talk to him while he answers them. 4. Reflection. Reflection involves careful consideration of concepts, ideas, knowledge, beliefs, processes and information on the basis of its premises and conclusions that supports it (Suqerman, 2000). Time to make sense of things will be given after the performance of the human stimulator to make sense of everything. 5. Lecture A lecture is a method of teaching that involves the presentation of the subject through talking (Jarvis, 1995). The teacher will explain various concepts in class. Lecture time shall be used by the teacher to teach students about the topic for the session. 6. PowerPoint Presentation The teacher will make a short presentation to introduce the topic and key issues. Procedure The teacher makes a 15 minute PowerPoint presentation followed by a 15 minutes pre-test (multiple answer questions) given to students. Session begins, each having 120 minutes 1. The teacher gives a 15min lecture to students. 2. 15 minutes pre-test given to students (7 multiple answer questions). 3. Teacher asks one student to pretend as patient and the rest of students as the student question. The demonstration and practice on human stimulator as patient last for 20 min. 4. Students can ask reflection questions on the demonstration for 10 min. 5. Students give 10 min break. 6. Students placed in groups and asked to discuss the concept learnt with their peers for 20 min. 7. The teacher gives students observation feedback for 15 min. 8. 15 minutes post-test given to students (5 multiple answer question). Rationale Critical thinking is an essential skill learnt by students studying to become nurses. It is defined as a process of intellectually and actively conceptualizing, using, analysing, synthesizing and assessing information to guide action or belief (Higgs, 2008). Critical thinking is based on intellectual competencies such as clarity, accuracy, breadth and precision and logic (White, Duncan Baumie, 2013). Nurses use critical thinking skills to apply model and theories learnt in their studies to patients (Cody Kenney, 2006). Nurses are required to make well-reasoned clinical decisions derived from reflection and critical thinking. To this end, they are taught critical thinking strategies equip them with skills needed to make decisions reasoning. Critical thinking enables the nurses to establish the needs of patients and make a decision on the most appropriate nursing action to take (Brunner Smeltzer, 2010). Some nursing schools offer critical thinking course as a separate unit requiremen t. Others integrate its concepts in other related course subjects. Irrespective of how nursing schools approach the teaching of critical thinking skills, it remains important in nursing practice. Critical thinking according to Watson and Glaser has three elements. These elements are skills, knowledge and attitude (Hersen Thomas, 2003). A critical thinker must be motivated to look at the problem and find solutions to it. He or she must also have good understanding and knowledge of the problem (Bradshaw Lowenstein, 2011). More importantly the person must have the appropriate skill to apply and knowledge to resolve problems (Andrea, 2009). Nurses are confronted by problems that often need quick and appropriate solutions. For instance, a nurse is expected to make a decision on whether to call a doctor or ignore when the patient conditions deteriorates. His or her decision can either save the patient’s life or lead to death. Hence, they require training on critical skills to equ ip them with abilities to make independent judgement and assessment patient’s conditions (Lyer, 2006). Nurses apply critical thinking skills in various aspects of their work. In assessment, nurses use critical skills to gather relevant data from patients through interview, observation or from records (Comer, 2005). They must also have critical thinking skills to differentiate important from non-important data and validate the data using other data sources. In diagnosis, they use the skills to organize data into patterns, establish a relationship between data and make a comparison between patterns and theories (Wilkinson, 1996). Again, the skills are used to explore individual assumptions on patients’ conditions and make a judgment on patients’ health concern and explain those concerns to the clients. In planning, critical thinking skills are used to identify patients concerns, find out desired health outcome and choose suitable intervention. On the other hand, i n the implementation, nurses use the skills execute interventions make comparison of baseline data and prevailing status. The teaching plan for the delivering the topic ‘Strategies for the Acquisition of Nursing Critical Thinking Skills’, Incorporates entrenched teaching practices and learning theories. The teaching plan is more students centred. Student-centred learning put emphasis on discovery of knowledge as opposed to passing information (Cook Sittler, 2008). Only 50 minutes out of 120 session minutes are dedicated for teachers’ active involvement in class. The remaining time is taken up by student-centred teaching methods that include peer teaching, demonstration, and reflection. These student centred methods of teaching support social learning theories that focus on peer learning as most suitable method of acquiring knowledge. Given that the program involves the development critical thinking skills, students can learn better by applying what they have lea rnt by interacting with peers. The demonstration part of the teaching gives the student opportunity to identify a problem and use learnt skills to solve it. They are expected to extract useful information from the patient and use it to understand the patients concerns. These tasks require critical thinking skills. The course content for teaching critical thinking skills is very elaborate. It encompasses key areas of learning that include the development of critical thinking skills and characteristics of a thinker. Besides, the learning outcomes have all been considered in the development of the teaching plan. Consequently, the plan meets the key requirement of teaching plans. Teaching plans have aims, procedure and resources (Mariotti, 2009). This information is captured in the template and it relates to the main topic. Apart from course content, there are sections of the plan that are to provide information on situational factors that may have effects on the learning critical think ing skills. These sections include learners’ entry level and special needs. Reflection in action Reflection is a philosophical understanding of how one can pick up learning through experience and use distinctive methodologies to the same situation (Nairn et al. 2012). It is also the persistent process of active thinking and putting into consideration the supporting evidence that forms knowledge to a given scenario. Critical reflection is facilitated by a person’s mind and emotions. According to Vachon and Leblanc (2011), reflective practitioners are characterised by open-mindedness, whole heartedness and responsibility. Reflection prior to action is essential for impacting learning and teaching because it allows for the teaching plan to cater for individual learners based on theoretical conceptualisations of their needs and interests. I was, therefore, prepared to meet the students, interested and motivated to learn how to apply critical thinking in the field of nursing correctly. I also anticipated that the use of a variety of teaching strategies such as PowerPoint prese ntation, discussion questions, a brief demonstration, group work and group discussions would cater for the different learning styles of the participants. For the teaching and learning process to conform to how critical thinking is practised, I therefore saw it very vital to modify strategies and approaches during the presentation to meet demands that were not catered for in the planning phase. In delivering the lecture, I was quite confident as I have worked as a clinical nurse in hospital for three years, giving students necessary skills for working in a lab area, hospital or other working environment. The allotted time for my lecture was 15 minutes, but my teaching plan was structured to cover a slightly longer time frame. I, therefore, had to make a decision to adjust some of the strategies and to approach some aspects of the lesson differently from what was outlined in the teaching plan. To ensure that students understood well this concept, I took the initiative of not following the teaching plan as initially outlined. The PowerPoint presentation was the first to be presented. However, there was no enough time for questions from the students, as well as discussion hence clarification of the unclear concept, was not successful. I went on to demonstrate the procedure of acquiring critical thinking while repeating the initial PowerPoint presentation. This demonstration helped to clarify any concerns the participants would have had from the initial presentation. This is because they had a chance to view the step-by-step procedure. My experience facilitated the quick movement through the procedure without neglecting relevant details and therefore the students were able to understand the process. I gave each student the opportunity to demonstrate the procedure. Each student constructed a checklist which he or she would use to perform the procedure. Thereafter, each student demonstrated the procedure while one of the other students explained to the students what was being done. The modifications I made to the teaching plan were important because they met the stated objectives within a given timeframe. The reflective process that I followed in order to make the adjustments was essential, and is terms as reflection in action (Ely Scott, 2007). Feedback played a key role in the process. From the comments made by the students in their fifteen-minute post-test, I believe that the process of reflection was successful. Although there were constraints such as non-adherence to the teaching plan and time shortage, the objectives of the teaching session were successfully met. The students reported that they got an understanding of how to perform the procedure, the steps to follow and the order in which those steps are followed. In addition to the students reporting that they are able to understand the procedure, I was able to estimate how well they understand the procedure based on the demonstration and narration that they exhibited. During each demonstration, I observed the student performing the procedure, and whenever a mistake was being made, I quickly pointed it out so that the correction could be made immediately. With these corrections, they were able to understand the procedure even better. The students themselves were able to reflect in action, revealing that in any learning situation all parties have to be actively involved in reflecting on and modifying practice (Rubenfeld Scheffer, 2010). In general, the teaching session was a decent experience for me. I discovered that in conveying teaching sessions, the instructor must consider the needs of the understudies and that their individual learning styles must put into consideration. Outcome criteria The outcome criteria are another important process in nursing. In this process, what nurses have been learning and practicing is put into practice. To accomplish the objective of this process, the students demonstrated knowledge of the performance procedures, risks and precautions related to acquisition of critical thinking in nursing by producing a ten-minute reflective paper, earnestly taking part in group discussions , airing their views, coming up with reflective questions and comments, teaming up in the making of an itemized informative agenda on the most proficient method to perform the process and doing a demonstration of the technique. Evaluation of teaching Amid this stage, I measured how well the students had understood the procedure. The key purpose of this stage was to gather information to assess the nursing consideration. The stage is simultaneous or on-going on the grounds that I assessed and settled on a choice amid the usage period by the students of the methodology. One of the key exercises that I carried out at this stage was to measure the attainment of the objective of goal and the modification of the teaching plan because I found out that it did not achieve the objectives (Bradshaw Lowenstein, 2011). To ensure that the evaluation process was successful, I issued the students with post-test sixth week of the teaching session. The post-test comprised a fifteen minute questionnaire where they had to tick in the boxes next to what was useful to them during the session. Moreover, by completing the questionnaire, I was able to see that the teaching session was successful because it met the criteria that all the notes that I had given them were relevant. Moreover, I ascertain that the procedure for acquiring critical thinking was well described and performed satisfactorily. Interviewing was also another criterion that I used to evaluate the teaching session. After interviewing the students, they said that they had gained a vast knowledge in the field of nursing especially in the application of critical thinking. They also said that through the demonstration and presentations in the class, they were able to gain a lot of knowledge that they would apply in their future career. I also picked two students who expressed a high level of performance as well as two who expressed a low level of performance and learning. I asked them to explain to me their views pertaining to the session, and they had different ideas. The high performing students said that the session went smoothly and that the objectives were successfully met. However, the other two students had some complaints. These complaints act as the basis for future recommendation in my teaching sessions. The students complained of inadequacy of time for discussion. This was quite a challenge because some students were not able to hear from each and every member of their group. This triggers me to allocate enough time in my next teaching session to avoid the issue of time constraint. The students also suggested that not all learning materials were available for the session hence recommended that in my next session that I ensure that they are in a capacity to access the internet. They also recommended that to ensure they are in a capacity to meet their learning objectives well they should be taken to a hospital setup where they can observe how the skill is applied. In summation, in my next lecture, I will evaluate of the entire learning session in the form of peer review. Here, I will ensure that the students make comments on each other’s procedure, commending good techniques and highlighting errors or oversights. I will also make appropriate general comments on the students’ performance of the procedure by making any further clarifications. Finally, I will require the students to complete a feedback evaluation of the lesson.